A graph G = (V,E) consists of a nonempty set V of Vertices or Nodes and a set of E of Edges. Each Edge has either one or two vertices associated with it, called its endpoints. An edge is said to connect its endpoints.

Applications of Graphs

We will illustrate how graph theory can be used to model:

• Social networks
• Communication networks
• information networks
• software design
• Transportation networks
• Biological Networks

It’s a challenge to find a subject to which graph theory has not yet been applied.